![]() ɪ/ completely becomes /e/ in some other particular dialects. ^ Allophones of /i/ include ~ before or adjacent to emphatic consonants and, ,, ( Al-Ani 2008, p. 595, 600 Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999, p. 52–53 Kaye 1997, p. 193, 197) they are distinct phonemes in loan words.^ The letter ظ represents either or, depending on the speaker's dialect ( Al-Ani 2008, p. 601).^ The letter ج represents in Egypt and in the Levant and the Maghreb ( Al-Ani 2008, p. 598 Gairdner 1925, p. 23).^ a b c d Emphatic consonants may be either pharyngealized or velarized and are accompanied with labialization ( Al-Ani 2008, p. 599 Kaye 1997, p. 193–194).^ In colloquial pronunciation, /aw/ may be realized as ~ ~ may occur ( Al-Ani 2008, p. 595 Kaye 1997, p. 198).^ In colloquial pronunciation, /aj/ may be realized as ~ ~ ( Al-Ani 2008, p. 595 Kaye 1997, p. 198).^ Allophones of /aː/ include before or adjacent to emphatic consonants and, and elsewhere ( Al-Ani 2008, p. 595, 600 Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999, p. 52–53 Kaye 1997, p. 193, 197).^ Allophones of /a/ include before or adjacent to emphatic consonants and, and elsewhere ( Al-Ani 2008, p. 595, 600 Thelwall & Sa'adeddin 1999, p. 52–53 Kaye 1997, p. 193, 197).ضَحّى (' sacrificed'), مُدَرِّسَة ('teacher '), رَسَّامَة ('paintress'), كَذَّاب ('liar ')Ī geminated consonant never belongs to one syllable and is often broken with a stress. Means that the following syllable is stressed: /ˈʕarabiː/ عربي ('Arab'). No equivalent ( voiced pharyngeal fricative or voiced creaky-voiced pharyngeal approximant) The 'tt' in kitten in Standard American English Cockney bu tter glottal stop " tapped" or " trilled" r Spanish pe rroĮmphatic and pharyngealized / s/, no equivalentĮmphatic and pharyngealized / t/, no equivalent Like cat, but further down to the uvula ( uvular). in American EnglishĮmphatic and pharyngealized / d/, no equivalent See Arabic phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Modern Standard Arabic, and varieties of Arabic for regional variation.Ĭ at in British English, only approx. Wikipedia transcriptions for Arabic may be either more general and abstract ( phonemic), using only the symbols in the IPA column, or more detailed and precise ( phonetic), using the symbols explained in the notes. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters. Wikipedia also has specific charts for Egyptian Arabic, Hejazi Arabic, Lebanese Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic. The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Modern Standard Arabic pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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